Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

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Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

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Post by Difflugia »

SiNcE_1985 wrote: Tue Dec 17, 2024 6:23 pm
Difflugia wrote: Tue Dec 17, 2024 12:07 pm
SiNcE_1985 wrote: Mon Dec 16, 2024 4:18 pmBut a intelligent engineer can preset the dials to get the results that he wants.
An "intelligent designer" in the way Christian apologists define one can do anything at all. It's taking "I don't know" and assigning it to a god. Like I said, if you don't understand why that's insufficient, I'll start a new topic.
Do what you gotta do.
A number of posters, particularly in the Science and Religion forum, repeatedly offer what they think are arguments against scientific principles and present them as evidence for their particular conception of a god. This is informally known as "the god of the gaps."

Is the god of the gaps argument logically sound? If not, what changes must be made to such an argument to rescue it?
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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #161

Post by William »

[Replying to The Tanager in post #160]

This is a debate forum. Go ahead
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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #162

Post by The Tanager »

[Replying to William in post #162]

Okay, so argument #1

1. An actual infinite cannot exist
2. An infinite temporal regress of events is an actual infinite
3. Therefore, an infinite temporal regress of events cannot exist

First off, let me make clear that by 'spatio-temporal universe', I'm not just going back to the Big Bang, but any states of matter/energy prior to that.

Premise 2 seems to me to pretty clearly describe what would be the case if the spatio-temporal universe was eternal. The line of events would stretch back infinitely into the past and would have to be an actual infinite.

So the key premise here seems to be premise 1. Potential infinites are certainly possible, but I don't think actual infinites are. If an actual infinite can exist, various logical absurdities would result, but, rationally, logical absurdities must be avoided. Hilbert's Hotel is an illustration of the types of absurdities that would result.

If anyone is unaware of Hilbert's Hotel, I'll explain it. Ordinarily, when a hotel with a finite number of rooms is full and a new guest shows up asking for a room, the manager will simply say "no vacancy".

Okay, but imagine a hotel with an actual infinite number of rooms. And like before, imagine that all the rooms are full. Now a new guest shows up requesting a room and the manager says "no problem". He moves the person in room 1 into room 2 and the person in room 2 to room 3 and so on, to infinity. Now room #1 is open, so the new guest takes his room even though they were already full.

But let's keep going. Now an infinity of new guests show up needing a room. "No problem," the manager says. Move the person in room 1 to room 2 and the person from room 2 to room 4 and the person from room 3 to room 6 and so on, moving the person into the room number twice their own. Now all the odd-numbered rooms are vacant and the infinity of guests are easily accommodated. This scenario can be repeated over and over again. So, the rooms were full, but can still accommodate an infinite addition of guests an infinite number of times.

And since these features aren't dependent on the illustration being of a hotel, the argument is easily generalized to show that the existence of an actual infinite number of things is absurd.

Thoughts?

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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #163

Post by William »

[Replying to The Tanager in post #162]

Tanager, I want to clarify again that my argument is not based on abstract infinities but on the Actual Absolute Universe, which is an eternal, material, and conscious foundational reality. It is not simply an "infinity" in a mathematical sense but the fundamental existence from which all transformations arise. This means there were and are no absolute beginnings—only the continuous process of reconfiguration within the Absolute Field.

The Actual Absolute Universe does not "begin" or "come into existence" because it always is. What we call the observable universe did not emerge from nothing but rather transformed from the Absolute Field through a process of vibratory formations. The laws of physics, as we observe them, are manifestations of these interactive vibrations coming from the Absolute Field. From our limited perspective within the spatio-temporal universe, things appear to have "begun," but this is merely a perspective effect (like a mirage even) rather than an absolute ontological truth.

This explanation also resolves the problem of how something could arise from nothing. If there were a true absolute beginning, we would need to justify how existence emerged from nonexistence, which is a far greater conceptual hurdle. However, if the Actual Absolute Universe has always existed, then what we observe as beginnings are simply localized (and purposeful) transformations rather than something conjured from what some—almost matter-of-factly—refer to as "nothing." This removes the need for an external cause, as causation is always internal to the eternal framework.

So if absolute beginnings require the seemingly impossible leap of something from nothing, what justifies privileging the idea of an absolute beginning over an absolute eternal transformative reality that entirely avoids this issue? Wouldn't an eternal framework of transformation be the more natural explanation, requiring fewer assumptions? Why assume an absolute beginning instead of recognizing that what we perceive as beginnings are simply transitions within an ever-present reality?
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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #164

Post by The Tanager »

[Replying to William in post #164]

William, your critique seems to be that since an absolute beginning to the spatio-temporal universe would result in something coming from nothing, which is (seemingly) impossible, we should reject it. I agree that something from nothing is impossible, but you misunderstand what I'm arguing for. An absolute beginning to everything that exists would result in that, but not an absolute beginning to the spatio-temporal universe. The other way to avoid the leap of something from nothing is that something non-spatio-temporal brought the spatio-temporal universe into existence. Those are two equally possible ideas at this point.

I’m not privileging one over the other. Which theory is simpler (requiring fewer assumptions) only matters if everything else is equal. But that may not be the case. I’m not assuming an absolute beginning to the spatio-temporal universe, but I provide an argument (and will offer a second one as well) that, if true, shows that everything else isn’t equal and, therefore, that simplicity isn’t a rational factor anymore. So, you'll need to bring a defeater for the argument I gave.

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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #165

Post by William »

Tanager, I noticed that you didn’t engage with several key parts of my argument. Instead, you reiterated your claim that a non-spatio-temporal cause brought the universe into existence without addressing the deeper issues I raised.

You didn’t address why the Absolute Actual Universe itself couldn’t be the eternal, foundational framework that undergoes transformations rather than something that needs an external cause. You keep assuming a division between the non-spatio-temporal and the spatio-temporal as though they are fundamentally separate, rather than seeing the latter as an emergent aspect of the former. What justifies this assumption? Why should we think of the Absolute Actual Universe as a separate cause rather than an eternal transformative field?

You also didn’t engage with my argument that absolute beginnings are an illusion of perspective. If the observable universe is simply a transformation of an aspect of the Absolute Field, then what appears as a "beginning" is only a localized shift, not an absolute creation event. You haven’t refuted this claim—just restated that the universe had an absolute beginning.

Furthermore, you haven’t justified how your view avoids the problem of something from nothing. You claim that a non-spatio-temporal cause avoids this, but you do not explain how. My model resolves this issue entirely—without requiring an external cause or an absolute beginning.

Before we move forward, I need you to actually engage with these points rather than restating your assumptions. Otherwise, we are simply talking past each other. If your position is correct, then you should be able to justify why an absolute beginning is necessary, rather than merely assuming it.
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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #166

Post by The Tanager »

William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 1:15 pmTanager, I noticed that you didn’t engage with several key parts of my argument. Instead, you reiterated your claim that a non-spatio-temporal cause brought the universe into existence without addressing the deeper issues I raised.
I’m sorry that I didn’t present my thoughts more clearly. I’ll try to do it now so that you can see that I was addressing all the parts you mentioned.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 1:15 pmYou didn’t address why the Absolute Actual Universe itself couldn’t be the eternal, foundational framework that undergoes transformations rather than something that needs an external cause.
I said that the AAU COULD be an eternal framework and avoid the unreasonable view that something came from nothing. I said it is logically possible. It is a viable option at this point. So, do you see that I’m NOT saying it couldn’t be the framework, but that I’m agreeing with you that it could be?
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 1:15 pmYou keep assuming a division between the non-spatio-temporal and the spatio-temporal as though they are fundamentally separate, rather than seeing the latter as an emergent aspect of the former. What justifies this assumption? Why should we think of the Absolute Actual Universe as a separate cause rather than an eternal transformative field?
I don't see how I'm assuming anything. I'm saying that a non-spatio-temporal cause for the spatio-temporal aspect of reality is another viable option, that it is logically possible. This framework also COULD be true and, if it is, would also avoid the unreasonable view that something came from nothing. This is not me assuming that it is true, but saying it is equally as POSSIBLE as your framework. Do you agree? If not, then where is the logical contradiction that makes this framework logically impossible.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 1:15 pmFurthermore, you haven’t justified how your view avoids the problem of something from nothing. You claim that a non-spatio-temporal cause avoids this, but you do not explain how. My model resolves this issue entirely—without requiring an external cause or an absolute beginning.
How would it avoid the unreasonable view of something coming from nothing? Because the something (the spatio-temporal reality) is coming FROM SOMETHING (a non spatio-temporal reality); it isn’t coming FROM NOTHING.

Analogically, something coming from nothing is like magic happening without a magician. My framework would be magic happening with a magician (i.e., something coming from something). Your framework would be the magician becoming the magic (i.e., something coming from something). Both of our views are equally possible and equally avoiding something from nothing. Do you understand and agree?
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 1:15 pmYou also didn’t engage with my argument that absolute beginnings are an illusion of perspective. If the observable universe is simply a transformation of an aspect of the Absolute Field, then what appears as a "beginning" is only a localized shift, not an absolute creation event. You haven’t refuted this claim—just restated that the universe had an absolute beginning.



Before we move forward, I need you to actually engage with these points rather than restating your assumptions. Otherwise, we are simply talking past each other. If your position is correct, then you should be able to justify why an absolute beginning is necessary, rather than merely assuming it.
They are an illusion of perspective ONLY IF your framework is the true one. I am stating that your framework and my framework are both logically possible options at this point. No assuming one way or the other, just assessing if they are options that we should analyze more deeply. They both are.

I then took the next step with you in that simplicity may favor your framework. But I then took the next step by saying that simplicity only matters if everything else is equal and if the argument I gave is sound, all things aren’t equal and, thus, you must engage with my argument or offer a counter-argument (not just a counter claim).

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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #167

Post by William »

Tanager, I see that you are now clarifying that you are not assuming your framework is necessarily true, but only logically possible. I understand that you are saying both frameworks are viable options at this stage. However, I still see several key problems in how you are framing the issue.

First, possibility is not enough. Many things are logically possible, but that does not mean they are equally reasonable or supported. You still need to justify why your framework is preferable or necessary over mine. Right now, you have not done so—you have only stated that it is an option. But options are only valuable if they are justified.

Second, you are still assuming a fundamental divide between the “spatio-temporal” and “non-spatio-temporal,” when my model does not require this separation. You say that space-time is “coming from something” in your model, but that assumes it was ever a distinct creation rather than a continuous transformation within an eternal framework. What justifies treating the spatio-temporal aspect of reality as a separately caused entity rather than an emergent aspect of an infinite, conscious reality? If you cannot justify this assumption, then your model is adding an unnecessary distinction that does not need to exist.

Third, while you compare your model to a magician producing magic and mine to the magician becoming the magic, this analogy misrepresents what I am saying. A magician does not create something from nothing. A magician works with the material already available to produce an illusion of creation. To the observer, it may appear as though something came from nothing, but to those who recognize that there must be a logical explanation, they understand that everything that appears must have been transformed from something else.

That is exactly what my model accounts for. It explains how transformations happen without assuming an absolute beginning—there is never a point where "nothing" suddenly becomes "something." In contrast, your model still requires an explanation for why space-time was "brought into existence" as a separate thing, rather than simply being a localized manifestation of an eternal field.

If your framework "avoids something from nothing," then what is the 'something' that space-time came from? You have given no explanation of what this cause actually is or how it functions.

My model is clear—the Absolute Actual Universe is an eternal, material, and conscious field facilitating transformation. Space-time is simply an emergent aspect of this foundational reality.

But in your model, you claim that space-time "came from something," yet you never explain what that something is or how it produces a material universe. Without that explanation, your claim is meaningless—it is an assertion, not an argument.

Lastly, you say I must engage with your argument, but you have not yet demonstrated why an absolute beginning of space-time is necessary. You have only argued that it is possible, but not why it should be assumed. If your argument is sound, then it should justify why your framework is preferable to mine—not just that it is an option. So before moving forward, I ask again:

What justifies treating space-time as a distinctly caused entity rather than a transformation of an eternal reality?
Why should we assume that space-time was “brought into existence” rather than recognizing it as an emergent aspect of the Absolute Actual Universe?

Why should your model be preferred over mine, rather than simply considered possible?

If you cannot justify these assumptions, then your argument does not establish that an absolute beginning is necessary—only that it is one option among many with no compelling reason to accept it.

In closing I appreciate that you are now taking my model seriously as a viable framework. However, I want to clarify that my model is not just an alternative to yours—it is a direct analysis and exposure of why the claims made in your model are unnecessary.

Your framework (the KCA) sets up P4—the need for an external, non-spatio-temporal immaterial cause—by insisting on an absolute beginning. But my model shows that an absolute beginning is an unnecessary assumption. This means I am not just presenting a competing model, I am demonstrating that the entire framework you are using is strategically designed to force P4 into place rather than being a necessary reflection of reality.

If your model is truly on equal footing with mine, then you need to justify why an absolute beginning is necessary. Right now, you are only claiming that it is possible, but possibility is not justification.

So before we move forward, you are required to explain why an absolute beginning should be preferred over a continuous transformative framework. If you cannot do that, then your argument collapses into assumption rather than proof, and the necessity of P4 is lost.

I have fully engaged with your argument at every stage. You claim that I need to do more than just offer counterclaims, but that misrepresents what I have been doing.

I have specifically challenged the core premises of your model, particularly the claim that an absolute beginning is necessary and that the cause must be non-material. At no point have you justified these assumptions—you have only restated that they are "possible," but possibility alone is not proof.

Until you provide answers to these, your claim that I have not engaged with your argument is simply false. If your argument is truly sound, then prove it—don’t just assert it.
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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #168

Post by The Tanager »

[Replying to William in post #168]
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmTanager, I see that you are now clarifying that you are not assuming your framework is necessarily true, but only logically possible. I understand that you are saying both frameworks are viable options at this stage. However, I still see several key problems in how you are framing the issue.

First, possibility is not enough. Many things are logically possible, but that does not mean they are equally reasonable or supported. You still need to justify why your framework is preferable or necessary over mine. Right now, you have not done so—you have only stated that it is an option. But options are only valuable if they are justified.
I agree that possibility is not enough. That’s why (in the last post) I talked about taking the next step. The three premise argument I’ve offered goes beyond mere possibility. That is one of two arguments to justify why my framework is preferable over yours.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmSecond, you are still assuming a fundamental divide between the “spatio-temporal” and “non-spatio-temporal,” when my model does not require this separation. You say that space-time is “coming from something” in your model, but that assumes it was ever a distinct creation rather than a continuous transformation within an eternal framework. What justifies treating the spatio-temporal aspect of reality as a separately caused entity rather than an emergent aspect of an infinite, conscious reality? If you cannot justify this assumption, then your model is adding an unnecessary distinction that does not need to exist.
I’m saying there is a conceptual distinction that can be made and that’s obviously true (even by rejecting it you’ve shown you see the conceptual distinction). The question then becomes if there is an actual divide or not. Your framework says ‘no’; my framework says ‘yes’, but no one should just assume their framework is correct. I’m certainly not. No, we must turn to the evidence to support each framework’s claim. I gave an argument, so let’s address it.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmThird, while you compare your model to a magician producing magic and mine to the magician becoming the magic, this analogy misrepresents what I am saying. A magician does not create something from nothing. A magician works with the material already available to produce an illusion of creation. To the observer, it may appear as though something came from nothing, but to those who recognize that there must be a logical explanation, they understand that everything that appears must have been transformed from something else.

That is exactly what my model accounts for. It explains how transformations happen without assuming an absolute beginning—there is never a point where "nothing" suddenly becomes "something." In contrast, your model still requires an explanation for why space-time was "brought into existence" as a separate thing, rather than simply being a localized manifestation of an eternal field.

If your framework "avoids something from nothing," then what is the 'something' that space-time came from? You have given no explanation of what this cause actually is or how it functions.
If I was using the magic talk as an argument for my framework, this would be relevant, but it’s an analogy. You can’t treat analogies like arguments. Analogies make very specific points. I brought it in to address your misunderstanding that my view leads to “something coming from nothing”. Magic (the universe) coming from a magician (something immaterial) is not something coming from nothing because the immaterial is a something.

So let’s try another analogical comparison between our views:

(a) My view is a magician bringing magic into existence without transforming it from something else

(b) Your view is a magician bringing magic into existence by transforming it from something else.

I think both (a) and (b) are logically possible. You seem to be claiming that (a) is illogical. If so, then provide an actual argument with premises that proves this. If you can’t, then both are logically possible and, as with the previous two parts above, we must take the next step and adress my argument (I'm taking about the 3 premises here).
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmLastly, you say I must engage with your argument, but you have not yet demonstrated why an absolute beginning of space-time is necessary. You have only argued that it is possible, but not why it should be assumed. If your argument is sound, then it should justify why your framework is preferable to mine—not just that it is an option. So before moving forward, I ask again:

What justifies treating space-time as a distinctly caused entity rather than a transformation of an eternal reality?
Why should we assume that space-time was “brought into existence” rather than recognizing it as an emergent aspect of the Absolute Actual Universe?

Why should your model be preferred over mine, rather than simply considered possible?

If you cannot justify these assumptions, then your argument does not establish that an absolute beginning is necessary—only that it is one option among many with no compelling reason to accept it.
The argument I gave (with 3 premises) is a demonstration that an absolute beginning is necessary. That isn’t just arguing it is possible. That argument, if sound, justifies why my framework is preferable to yours, not just an option. That argument justifies treating space-time not as only a distinct concept (which is justified by language itself), but as an actuality that is preferable over eternal transformations. That argument is why we should conclude (not assume) that space-time had an absolute beginning rather than viewing it as an emergent aspect of the AAU. The argument is the justification. So, you need to address it.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmYour framework (the KCA) sets up P4—the need for an external, non-spatio-temporal immaterial cause—by insisting on an absolute beginning. But my model shows that an absolute beginning is an unnecessary assumption. This means I am not just presenting a competing model, I am demonstrating that the entire framework you are using is strategically designed to force P4 into place rather than being a necessary reflection of reality.
Yes and you are completely wrong unless you can defeat the argument I have given and the second one I’ll give.
William wrote: Sun Feb 09, 2025 3:31 pmI have fully engaged with your argument at every stage. You claim that I need to do more than just offer counterclaims, but that misrepresents what I have been doing.

I have specifically challenged the core premises of your model, particularly the claim that an absolute beginning is necessary and that the cause must be non-material. At no point have you justified these assumptions—you have only restated that they are "possible," but possibility alone is not proof.

Until you provide answers to these, your claim that I have not engaged with your argument is simply false. If your argument is truly sound, then prove it—don’t just assert it.
You have not fully engaged with it because you don’t fully understand it. You say a core premise of my model is that an absolute beginning is necessary. That is absolutely wrong. That is not a premise. That is a result of other premises as a conclusion. The conclusion is that space-time had an absolute beginning, not because such a thing is necessary, but because it follows from other premises. I’m not only saying it’s possible, but that it’s the most rational view.

That the cause is non-material comes later in the discussion with P4. Right now, it's an option still on the table.

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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #169

Post by William »

Tanager, I see that you are now insisting that your argument (the three-premise one) demonstrates an absolute beginning rather than merely proposing it as a possibility. However, you still have not justified why the premises of your argument should be accepted.

If your argument truly proves that space-time had an absolute beginning, then each premise must be defended, not just asserted. If one premise is flawed, then the conclusion does not follow. So let’s break it down.

You claim that my framework must defeat your argument in order to be valid. But you still haven’t addressed my core challenge: why should your premises be accepted in the first place?

I am not merely rejecting your conclusion—I am challenging the assumptions that lead to it.
Your three-premise argument assumes that an absolute beginning is the necessary result, but that assumption is built on your framing of space-time as a distinct creation rather than a transformation within an eternal framework.
That is precisely the assumption I have been challenging from the start.

You claim that there is a "conceptual distinction" between the spatio-temporal and the non-spatio-temporal, but this distinction is assumed rather than justified.

In my model, time and space do not constitute a fundamental divide—they are simply the way in which particular observed transformations are designed. The AAU does not require a separation between "spatio-temporal" and "non-spatio-temporal" realities because all transformations occur within the eternal framework of existence.

This means that your attempt to treat space-time as a distinctly caused entity is based on an assumed separation that has not been demonstrated. You need to justify:

Why space-time must be treated as a separate category rather than an emergent feature of transformation.
Why your framework is preferable to mine rather than simply possible.
What specific evidence supports the claim that an absolute beginning is necessary.
Until you justify these assumptions, your argument remains an assertion rather than a proof.

Your Premises Are Structured to Force Your Conclusion
You claim that an absolute beginning is not a premise but a conclusion.

This is misleading—your premises are designed to force this conclusion rather than prove it.
If your premises assume that an infinite regress is impossible or that transformations cannot be eternal, then you are embedding your conclusion rather than demonstrating it.
If your argument truly demonstrates an absolute beginning, then justify why your premises should be accepted over my framework.

Your Magician Analogy Fails to Address the Key Issue
You claim that your analogy of the magician bringing magic into existence is valid, but you still have not answered a key question:

I accept that your analogy accurately reflects your own view:

(a) Your view: A magician brings magic into existence without transforming it from something else.
However, your attempt to categorize my view as:

(b) A magician brings magic into existence by transforming it from something else,
is misrepresentative of my position.

The AAU model does not require a magician or magic at all. It describes a perfectly natural, material, conscientious and continuous process—one that involves transformations within an eternal framework, not the creation of something from nothing by magical means from an immaterial cause.

Your analogy still assumes a "causer" (the magician) and a "caused effect" (the magic), when my model rejects this framing entirely. There is no external entity conjuring anything into existence—there is simply an eternal, self-existent process of transformation.

Thus, your analogy is fundamentally flawed because:

It forces a creator-creation model where none exists in my framework.
It assumes that existence must be “produced” rather than eternally transforming.
It frames transformation as a supernatural effect when my model only describes natural continuity.
If you are going to compare my view to something, then the analogy must be more accurate.

My model requires no external magician and no magical conjuring—just the eternal process of material transformation.
There is no external magician conjuring anything into existence—only an eternal, self-existent reality undergoing localised transformations. Your analogy poorly attempts to impose a creator-creation framework where none exists in my model.

You say space-time came from "something"—but what is that something?
If the answer is a non-material cause, then you are assuming your conclusion before proving it.
If the answer is unknown, then you are admitting that your framework is incomplete and cannot claim superiority over mine.
Your Argument Is Designed to Lead to P4 (A Non-Material Cause)
You admit that P4 (the claim that the cause is non-material) comes later.

However, your entire framework is constructed to lead to P4, meaning your argument is not neutral—it is crafted to produce a specific metaphysical conclusion.
You present your argument as though it is an unbiased philosophical proof, but in reality, it is built to ensure a predetermined outcome.

Before Moving Forward, You Must Justify the Following:
Why should your premises be accepted rather than assumed?
Why should space-time be treated as a distinctly caused entity rather than an emergent transformation?
If space-time came from “something,” what is that something, and how does it function?
Until you address these foundational questions, your claim that I have not engaged with your argument is false. If your premises are flawed or unjustified, then your conclusion does not follow. Prove your premises—don’t just assert them.

Examining the Three Premises Truthfully
I have fully engaged with the three premises of your argument, and here is what I found:

P1: (Everything that begins to exist has a cause) is flawed because while causality observed applies within space-time it cannot be assumed to apply to the totality of reality itself. My model already accounts for causality within an eternal transformative framework, meaning P1 does not justify an absolute beginning.

P2: (The universe began to exist) is flawed because it assumes an absolute beginning where there is none. My model already explains the observable universe as a transformation within an eternal framework (AAU), which means "absolute beginnings" are only an illusion of perspective implied through presumption.

P3: (Therefore, the universe has a cause) is invalid because it relies on two flawed premises and assumes an external cause where an internal, material, transformative cause is already sufficient.

Since your entire argument rests on these assumed premises, and I have now demonstrated why they are flawed or unnecessary, your conclusion does not follow.

The Premises Must Be Stated Truthfully
I think the truthful premises must read as follows:

P1: Everything that is presumed to have begun to exist has a presumed cause.
P2: The observable universe is presumed to have begun to exist.
P3: Therefore, the observable universe has a presumed cause.
These clarifications matter because they reflect that the premises are based on presumption, not absolute certainty.

🚨 Even if we accept these premises, (either the KCA ones or these ones) they do not lead to P4—the claim that this cause must be external, non-material, or separate from the AAU.
🚨 P4 (the necessity of a non-material cause) is not justified by mere presumption—it would need to be aligned with practical logical observations we can glean from the observable universe.


If you believe your presumptive premises still hold, then prove why they should be accepted over my framework. Simply restating them is not an argument. If you cannot justify these assumptions, then your entire claim of an absolute beginning collapses.

Possibility is not proof. If your argument is truly sound, demonstrate why these presumed premises are necessary—don’t just assert them.
Image

An immaterial nothing creating a material something is as logically sound as square circles and married bachelors.


Unjustified Fact Claim(UFC) example - belief (of any sort) based on personal subjective experience. (Belief-based belief)
Justified Fact Claim(JFC) Example, The Earth is spherical in shape. (Knowledge-based belief)
Irrefutable Fact Claim (IFC) Example Humans in general experience some level of self-awareness. (Knowledge-based knowledge)

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Re: Is the god of the gaps a sound argument?

Post #170

Post by The Tanager »

[Replying to William in post #170]

William, let’s make sure we are understanding the big picture flow of the whole position, which will help make sure we are understanding the finer details or help us hone in on where we are misunderstanding the finer details. One way to categorize our discussion is to break it into 5 parts, which I’ll phrase in the form of questions:

1. Is there a conceptual distinction between spatio-temporal reality and non-spatio-temporal reality?

2. What are the logically possible frameworks for understanding why there is something rather than nothing?

3. Can any of these frameworks be more easily ruled out as a viable option?

4. Of the frameworks that are left, how do we judge between the two views?

5. What does this mean for the KCA?


Now, onto the discussion of these 5 parts:

1. Is there a conceptual distinction between spatio-temporal reality and non-spatio-temporal reality?
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amYou claim that there is a "conceptual distinction" between the spatio-temporal and the non-spatio-temporal, but this distinction is assumed rather than justified.

In my model, time and space do not constitute a fundamental divide—they are simply the way in which particular observed transformations are designed. The AAU does not require a separation between "spatio-temporal" and "non-spatio-temporal" realities because all transformations occur within the eternal framework of existence.

This means that your attempt to treat space-time as a distinctly caused entity is based on an assumed separation that has not been demonstrated. You need to justify:

Why space-time must be treated as a separate category rather than an emergent feature of transformation.
Do you mean here the conceptual distinction isn’t even justified or that such a distinction being the actual case isn’t justified? At this stage (question 1), I’m only talking about the conceptual distinction, not what is actually true of reality. I really don’t see any reason to reject the conceptual distinction.

In fact, your framework makes use of the conceptual distinction just as well, by talking of a transformation from one state/form/whatever to another. If you didn’t agree that there was a conceptual distinction, then you wouldn’t call your view a transformation because everything would be conceptually identical rather than one concept transforming into another concept.


2. What are the logically possible frameworks for understanding why there is something rather than nothing?

We have talked about 3 frameworks, namely, (a) a state of absolute nothingness followed by the absolute beginning of space-time, (b) a state of something that transforms (at least in part) to space-time, and (c) a state of something (but not spatio-temporal) that brings about the absolute beginning of space-time.

Whether something is logically possible or not depends on if there is a contradiction of the terms used (like a square circle or married bachelor). I see none for any of these three views. So, at this point, all 3 are still on the table and equally so (since we haven’t analyzed any arguments yet).


3. Can any of these frameworks be more easily ruled out as a viable option?

This is what we did in agreeing with each other that something can’t come from nothing. That’s the principle we are using in this step to see if any of these 3 frameworks can be more easily ruled out as a viable option because we both agree that such a thing is unreasonable. I believe you gave reasons for that much earlier in the thread and I agreed.

We had some disagreement over this with you thinking my view succumbed to this, so I tried to use an analogy to help us approach the one pertinent principle without getting lost in the actual content of the entire view. We were unable to do that. In your last post, however, you originally shared what you thought was a better analogy for your view (although you have edited it out). You talked about individual waves being a result of an eternal wave (or something like that). I’m going to try to run with it to see if it will help you get the principle of my point.

Okay, so picture the ocean and let’s revisit the three frameworks:

(a) A state of absolute nothingness followed by the absolute beginning of space-time.

This would be like the ocean beds being completely dry (analogical to the absence of space-time even though land is part of space-time) being immediately followed by a state where the ocean with waves is now there, but the water materialized out of nothing without anyone or anything putting it there (analogical to the absolute beginning of space-time). This is something truly coming from nothing and we both reject (a) as a viable option because of this.

(b) A state of something that transforms (at least in part) to space-time.

The ocean has always been there, but while it was still at one point it now has waves in it. This sounds like a way to speak about the transformation of something eternally there (which is the only point this analogy is meant to catch; it’s not meant to exhaustively allegorize your worldview), but let me know if you want to change this analogy of your view at all. It honestly doesn't matter because I'm not using this as an analogy of your view to pick apart; I'm only using it to show that I agree with you that it doesn't succumb to the problem of something coming from nothing.

(c) A state of something (but not spatio-temporal) that brings about the absolute beginning of space-time.

This would be like the ocean beds being completely dry (analogical to the absence of space-time) being followed by a state where someone/something comes by with water and fills up the dry beds and makes an ocean with waves (analogical to the absolute beginning of space-time). That this analogy fails as an allegory of my view (since I don't believe the cause brought water from some other place) is irrelevant to the point.

Is this something coming from nothing in this analogy? No. The water came from the someone/something. This is not something from nothing and, therefore, cannot be rejected along with framework (a) on this point.
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amYou say space-time came from "something"—but what is that something?
If the answer is a non-material cause, then you are assuming your conclusion before proving it.
If the answer is unknown, then you are admitting that your framework is incomplete and cannot claim superiority over mine.
At this step we aren’t making an argument for any of the frameworks being true. We are taking them at face value and seeing if they lead to anything absurd so that we can rule them out. If the view leads to something coming from true nothingness, then we can rule it out. Only (a) does that. My view, (c), is something (space-time) coming from something (a non-space-time cause).
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amIf space-time came from “something,” what is that something, and how does it function?
What do you mean “how does it function”? When you have talked about your view being logically possible (which is all we’ve done by this stage) you have simply described what would follow (all stuff is eternal and transforms itself because it is conscious, etc.). I’ve done the same (the physical stuff had an absolute beginning and is caused by a non-physical thing, etc.). How have you shown how your something functions in a way I haven’t.


4. Of the frameworks that are left, how do we judge between the two views?

So, we have two frameworks left (b) and (c). How can we judge which is preferable? We agree logical possibility (which is what we’ve talked about above) isn’t enough. We ruled out 1 of the 3 because something coming from nothing is unreasonable. What now? Well, our next thought was to look at the simplicity of the frameworks. But that is only a tiebreaker if everything else is equal, so we need to see if everything else is equal. That’s where arguments for and against each view come into the equation. I’ve said I’ll offer two arguments in favor of my view and I’ve given the first one:

Q1. An actual infinite cannot exist
Q2. An infinite temporal regress of events is an actual infinite
Q3. Therefore, an infinite temporal regress of events cannot exist
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amYour Argument Is Designed to Lead to P4 (A Non-Material Cause)
You admit that P4 (the claim that the cause is non-material) comes later.

However, your entire framework is constructed to lead to P4, meaning your argument is not neutral—it is crafted to produce a specific metaphysical conclusion.
You present your argument as though it is an unbiased philosophical proof, but in reality, it is built to ensure a predetermined outcome.
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amYour Premises Are Structured to Force Your Conclusion
You claim that an absolute beginning is not a premise but a conclusion.

This is misleading—your premises are designed to force this conclusion rather than prove it.
If your premises assume that an infinite regress is impossible or that transformations cannot be eternal, then you are embedding your conclusion rather than demonstrating it.
If your argument truly demonstrates an absolute beginning, then justify why your premises should be accepted over my framework.
What do you mean that my premises are designed to force the conclusion? All arguments are designed so that the premises rationally lead to the conclusion being true. If the premises are true and the logical form is valid, then the argument is sound. To rationally escape the conclusion, one must rationally reject one of the premises. That’s how all rational argumentation works.

As to the supposed assumptions, none of these premises states or assumes an infinite regress is impossible. Q1 says an actual infinite cannot exist. An actual infinite is not the same thing as an infinite regress. An infinite regress would be an actual infinite (which is what Q2 claims), but not all actual infinites are infinite regresses. If Q1 and Q2 are true, then Q3 necessarily follows.
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amTanager, I see that you are now insisting that your argument (the three-premise one) demonstrates an absolute beginning rather than merely proposing it as a possibility. However, you still have not justified why the premises of your argument should be accepted.

If your argument truly proves that space-time had an absolute beginning, then each premise must be defended, not just asserted. If one premise is flawed, then the conclusion does not follow. So let’s break it down.

You claim that my framework must defeat your argument in order to be valid. But you still haven’t addressed my core challenge: why should your premises be accepted in the first place?
I did defend them in post 163 (maybe numbered 162 for you since you aren’t a moderator). In support of Q1 I said:

If an actual infinite can exist, various logical absurdities would result, but, rationally, logical absurdities must be avoided. Hilbert's Hotel is an illustration of the types of absurdities that would result.

If anyone is unaware of Hilbert's Hotel, I'll explain it. Ordinarily, when a hotel with a finite number of rooms is full and a new guest shows up asking for a room, the manager will simply say "no vacancy".

Okay, but imagine a hotel with an actual infinite number of rooms. And like before, imagine that all the rooms are full. Now a new guest shows up requesting a room and the manager says "no problem". He moves the person in room 1 into room 2 and the person in room 2 to room 3 and so on, to infinity. Now room #1 is open, so the new guest takes his room even though they were already full.

But let's keep going. Now an infinity of new guests show up needing a room. "No problem," the manager says. Move the person in room 1 to room 2 and the person from room 2 to room 4 and the person from room 3 to room 6 and so on, moving the person into the room number twice their own. Now all the odd-numbered rooms are vacant and the infinity of guests are easily accommodated. This scenario can be repeated over and over again. So, the rooms were full, but can still accommodate an infinite addition of guests an infinite number of times.

And since these features aren't dependent on the illustration being of a hotel, the argument is easily generalized to show that the existence of an actual infinite number of things is absurd.

And in support of Q2 I said:

Premise 2 seems to me to pretty clearly describe what would be the case if the spatio-temporal universe was eternal. The line of events would stretch back infinitely into the past and would have to be an actual infinite.
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amBefore Moving Forward, You Must Justify the Following:
Why should your premises be accepted rather than assumed?
Why should space-time be treated as a distinctly caused entity rather than an emergent transformation?
If space-time came from “something,” what is that something, and how does it function?
Until you address these foundational questions, your claim that I have not engaged with your argument is false. If your premises are flawed or unjustified, then your conclusion does not follow. Prove your premises—don’t just assert them.
I justified your first question in section 4. I justified the second question in section 1 (unless this is just another way to say your first question). I answered your third question in section 3.


5. What does this mean for the KCA?
William wrote: Mon Feb 10, 2025 1:58 amExamining the Three Premises Truthfully
I have fully engaged with the three premises of your argument, and here is what I found:

P1: (Everything that begins to exist has a cause) is flawed because while causality observed applies within space-time it cannot be assumed to apply to the totality of reality itself. My model already accounts for causality within an eternal transformative framework, meaning P1 does not justify an absolute beginning.

P2: (The universe began to exist) is flawed because it assumes an absolute beginning where there is none. My model already explains the observable universe as a transformation within an eternal framework (AAU), which means "absolute beginnings" are only an illusion of perspective implied through presumption.

P3: (Therefore, the universe has a cause) is invalid because it relies on two flawed premises and assumes an external cause where an internal, material, transformative cause is already sufficient.

Since your entire argument rests on these assumed premises, and I have now demonstrated why they are flawed or unnecessary, your conclusion does not follow.

The Premises Must Be Stated Truthfully
I think the truthful premises must read as follows:

P1: Everything that is presumed to have begun to exist has a presumed cause.
P2: The observable universe is presumed to have begun to exist.
P3: Therefore, the observable universe has a presumed cause.
These clarifications matter because they reflect that the premises are based on presumption, not absolute certainty.

Even if we accept these premises, (either the KCA ones or these ones) they do not lead to P4—the claim that this cause must be external, non-material, or separate from the AAU.
P4 (the necessity of a non-material cause) is not justified by mere presumption—it would need to be aligned with practical logical observations we can glean from the observable universe.


If you believe your presumptive premises still hold, then prove why they should be accepted over my framework. Simply restating them is not an argument. If you cannot justify these assumptions, then your entire claim of an absolute beginning collapses.

Possibility is not proof. If your argument is truly sound, demonstrate why these presumed premises are necessary—don’t just assert them.
P1 doesn’t claim that everything does actually begin to exist, just that if anything does, it would have a cause. Even if your model were true, P1 would still be true. It would just be the case that nothing actually begins to exist. Your model has nothing to do with the truth of P1 or not, so if you want to rationally reject it, you've got to offer something else.

On the rest, that is what the above post does. I’ve offered reasons for each step along the way. I haven’t simply restated my premises. And I haven’t concluded with mere possibility alone (since question 4 moves beyond possibility).

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