Peace and grace, PinSeeker. Sorry for taking so long to respond. It was more due to my job than how you broke down your response. I have tried to simplify as much as possible, working off of your organization. I break it down into two posts. If I have left anything important unaddressed, I have not tried to dodge anything, probably misunderstanding the point you were making, and would ask for you to simply bring it back up, perhaps rephrasing it to help me out.
Supposed problems with Arminianism
1. God's sovereignty is diminished
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmWell, not either/or, but both/and.

God leads us to repentance. Paul says this in Romans 2:4. Our repentance is a work of the Holy Spirit in us. Repentance is a gift. It is an act that the Holy Spirit works in us resulting in an act that flows out of us (Philippians 2:13, Acts 5:22-23). Although it is our act, it does not originate from within us. If we think we can truly repent of our sin in and of ourselves, then we need to repent of our repentance.

Because everything we do is tainted with sin.
I agree.
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:22 pmThis is God's purpose of election. Some are elect, and some are not. Why did God make it that way? The only way to answer that is, God is perfect, He is King and Lord of all, and everything He does is for His own glory. And it just is what it is. It's all well and good to try to understand it -- or at least come to terms with it -- but at some point we just have to acknowledge that, well, it is what it is, God has made things to be how He has made them to be, and that God is God and we are not. And to worship Him as the King of kings and Lord of lords that He is, and give Him glory and praise, because He alone is worthy.
We agree that God can make whatever rules He wants. We disagree on the rule/condition of salvation He has chosen to make.
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:35 pmHe can choose to offer free redemption (and allow us to accept or reject it) in spite of what we deserve rather than making it about how well or badly we follow the Law, which I think Romans 9 is about.
Well, I agree with what you say here, but Romans 9 is really about God's sovereign choice.
That is God's sovereign choice, in my interpretation, so I agree.
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmThey asserted that even after the Fall, man retained the ability to choose spiritual good, and upon doing so would merit God's grace. And it presents an unavoidable conflict with your assertion that, correct as it is, we completely need God to bring us from spiritual death to spiritual life.
Which quote are you referring to?
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmThat God, by an eternal and unchangeable purpose in Jesus Christ his Son before the foundation of the world, has determined that out of the fallen, sinful race of men, to save in Christ, for Christ’s sake, and through Christ, those who through the grace of the Holy Spirit shall believe on this his son Jesus, and shall persevere in this faith and obedience of faith, through this grace, even to the end; and, on the other hand, to leave the incorrigible and unbelieving in sin and under wrath and to condemn them as alienated from Christ, according to the word of the Gospel in John 3:36
Yes, this article asserts that election is conditional upon faith in Christ, and that God elects to salvation those He knows beforehand will have faith in Him.
This article is about God electing the condition, not choosing the people that will meet the condition. It isn't about God looking into the future and seeing who will meet the condition and then electing those individuals to meet the condition.
2. Arminianism contradicts Romans 9
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:22 pmOkay, accepted, but again, here, in this very assertion, you're saying that there is some group of people -- and people individually -- who are "elected." Right? I mean I agree with you here. That's what is puzzling to me, that you seem to be saying it's not about people/individuals, but then you turn right around and say it is. And it is. God chose some -- elected them unto His salvation -- and not others. And that's what Paul is saying to the church in Rome... and to us.
I think Paul is saying that God elects the group/rule/condition of salvation (belief in Jesus vs. following the Law or birth), but doesn't elect which individual goes into which group; that we choose the group. Without God's call and power, we could choose the second and third conditions but we couldn't choose belief in Jesus.
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:22 pmAnd then Paul answers our objections before they are even asked: Who are we to answer back to God? Why did He make us like this?
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:22 pmThe use of Pharaoh wasn't. God hardened Pharaoh to show His power and that His name might be proclaimed in all the earth" (9:17).
God's use of... things... people... things... is a different subject, really, than His purpose of election, His electing some to eternal life and others not.
Exactly my point. Paul uses this example, Jacob over Esau, God not starting over with Moses, and Isaac over Ishmael as four examples of what he is talking about in Romans 9. These examples do not speak about the individual salvation of these individuals. They all speak about God using specific people to bring about the Messiah through Israel for the glory of God and the good of both Jew and Gentile, so that people can become children of the promise.
3. Arminianism contradicts the whole context of Romans
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:35 pmI think the "good" being willed (the loving vs. hating action) being contextually focused on here is "having the Messiah come through your lineage." That is a good that God willed for Jacob but not Esau.
Okay, well, you understand, I think, that I disagree with this. I mean, at least for the reason that in talking about Jacob and Esau, he is talking about us, too, in the same position as Jacob... likening all of us to Jacob as opposed to Esau. With all due respect, I would submit that what you say here is totally out of Paul's context not just in Romans 9, but in his letter to the church in Rome as a whole, at least chapters 1 through 11. Observe:
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1. Paul starts out in Romans 1 by saying God has revealed Himself to all and that no one has any excuse of any kind.
2. He goes on then in chapters 2-7 to tell us just how hopeless we all are, even using himself as the prime example, but that God has given us Himself in the Person of Jesus so that we might be redeemed and saved.
3. Then in Romans 8 he tells us that there is now therefore no condemnation for those who are, by God's grace, in Christ Jesus and that nothing in this world can separate us -- because we are in Christ -- from the love of God that is in Christ. Which is really (should be, anyway) quite unbelievable considering who and what we've just been shown to be.
4. And then in Romans 9-11, in view of all Paul has said to that point (that we were without excuse and without hope of salvation but God did this for us), Paul shows us just how much -- as if we could really fathom it, as if even he himself can really fathom it -- God has done for us, and that it was ALL Him, even despite the fact that we were running as hard as we could the opposite way. This is how great His love is, how full of grace and mercy and compassion He is, and how worthy of all glory and blessing and honor -- forever and ever -- He is.
I don't see why you think my interpretation goes against this. I accept the summary you just laid out wholeheartedly.
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 5:35 pmWell that depends on what we think the "overall good" is that Paul is talking about. It's certainly not about having Christ as a physical descendant. Chapters 1-11 of Romans are about salvation and God's grace that we have been the recipients of, His mercy and compassion. Then chapters 12-16 are about how we should then live in light of what we have been told in the first 11 chapters, in light of what God has done for us.
I'm not saying all of Romans is about the coming of the Messiah. I agree chapters 1-11 are about salvation and God's grace, mercy, and compassion. Romans 9 does this in contrasting children of the promise to children of the flesh (9:6-8) or, said at the end of the chapter this way: a righteousness by faith versus those who pursued a Law (9:30-33). In the middle of this Isaac, Jacob, not starting over with Moses, and Pharaoh are examples of God using individuals for His purposes of salvation and mercy, not for the salvation of those specific individuals.
4. Arminianism contradicts the context of John 6:37-40
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmOkay, well what I would say is that, while what you say is true in and of itself, what Jesus says in John 6:37 cannot be separated from what He continues in the same breath with in 6:38-40 -- the whole statement:
"All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out. For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me. And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day. For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.”
There is nothing in that statement referring, really, to "those truly seeking God," or even about faith or lack thereof in people, Jew or otherwise. Jesus's statement here is directly relatable to the Father's sovereign will and His purpose of election and Paul's statement that it doesn't depend on the person's will or strength but on God who has mercy (or not), and to the perseverance of the saints in that He keeps us in His power, not the person keeping himself in his. Again, I hear another great hymn, this time "Jesus! What a Friend for Sinners!" (emphasis mine):
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Hallelujah! what a Savior!
Hallelujah! what a Friend!
Saving, helping, keeping, loving,
He is with me to the end.
I agree wholeheartedly with the hymn. I also agree that 6:37 can't be separated from the surrounding verses. I don't think this passage addresses the question we are, either way. I think my interpretation of these verses remain the same even if I were a Calvinist. They ask Jesus to give them the bread of God always. Jesus says if they believe in Him, He will never cast them out (9:37), He won't reject or lose any of them (9:39-40), He will give them eternal life. He is not going to fail them. If I become a Calvinist it will be because of different passages and won't be read into this one.
5. Arminianism 'conditionalism' contradicts total depravity
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmRight, I know it well, but the inconsistency among the points is unavoidable. In article 1, they deny that election is unconditional, and they do the same thing in article 5 regarding preservation of the saints (which they themselves stated they were not sure about). At any rate, those two things -- while maybe not in intention, but certainly in effect -- deny total depravity, thus saying the depravity is not total but only partial, or "far-reaching."
I don't see the conflict between total depravity and 'conditional' (in the Arminian sense) election. Can you spell that out more clearly for me?
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmDead is dead, Tanager, not "mostly dead."

We all know there is only one thing you can do with all dead: go through his clothes and look for loose change.
6. Arminianism shows God's call to be revocable?
PinSeeker wrote: ↑Mon Apr 12, 2021 6:06 pmNot sure of the original full quote, but Arminius asserted that the atonement can not have been limited in scope... and therefore that God's call is not irrevocable (which is not the intent, but the effect). In actuality, the atonement is only effectual for those whom God unconditionally elected. God's call is irrevocable.
I'm not sure what "God's call" is here to you. The outward call? The inward call? Both?